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An Neelix set-top box manufactured in 2012. It allows simultaneous access to television broadcast and internet applications A set-top box ( STB) or set-top unit ( STU) (one type also colloquially known as a cable box) is an device that generally contains a input and displays output to a and an external source of, turning the source signal into in a form that then be displayed on the or other. They are used in, and systems, as well as other uses. According to the, the cost to a cable provider for a set-top box is between $150 for a basic box to $250 for a more sophisticated box in the United States. In 2016, the average pay-TV subscriber paid $231 per year to lease their set-top box from a cable service provider. A consumer Palcom DSL-350 satellite-receiver; the tuner is on the bottom left, and a decoder is in the center of the board.
The is on the right. The signal source might be an cable, a, a (see ), a line (including connections), (BPL), or even an ordinary. Content, in this context, could mean any or all of, or other possibilities.
Satellite and microwave-based services also require specific external receiver hardware, so the use of set-top boxes of various formats has never completely disappeared. Set-top boxes can also enhance source signal quality. UHF converter Before the of 1962 required US to be able to tune the entire and range (which in was channels on 54 to 890 ), a set-top box known as a UHF converter would be installed at the receiver to shift a portion of the UHF-TV spectrum onto low-VHF channels for viewing. As some 1960s-era 12-channel TV sets remained in use for many years, and and were slower than the US to require UHF tuners to be factory-installed in new TVs, a market for these converters continued to exist for much of the 1970s. Cable converter.
Main article: represented a possible alternative to deployment of UHF converters as broadcasts could be frequency-shifted to VHF channels at the cable head-end instead of the final viewing location. However, most cable systems could not accommodate the full 54-890 MHz VHF/UHF frequency range and the twelve channels of VHF space were quickly exhausted on most systems. Adding any additional channels therefore needed to be done by inserting the extra signals into cable systems on nonstandard frequencies, typically either below VHF (midband) or directly above VHF channel 13 (superband). These frequencies corresponded to non-television services (such as two-way radio) over-the-air and were therefore not on standard TV receivers. Before cable-ready TV sets became common in the late 1980s, an electronic tuning device called a was needed to receive the additional and transpose or convert the selected channel to (RF) for viewing on a regular TV set on a single channel, usually channel 3 or 4. The box allowed an analog non-cable-ready set to receive analog encrypted cable channels and was a prototype topology for later date digital encryption devices.
Newer televisions were then converted to be analog cypher cable-ready, with the standard converter built-in for selling (aka ). Several years later and slowly marketed, the advent of continued and increased the need for various forms of these devices.
Of the entire affected frequency band onto, while less common, was used by some models to provide full compatibility and the ability to drive multiple TV sets, albeit with a somewhat nonstandard channel numbering scheme. Newer television receivers greatly reduced the need for external set-top boxes, although continue to be used to premium cable channels according to carrier-controlled access restrictions, and to receive digital cable channels, along with using interactive services like, pay per view, and through television. Closed captioning box Set-top boxes were also made to enable on older sets in North America, before this became a mandated inclusion in new. Some have also been produced to mute the (or replace it with noise) when is detected in the captioning, where the offensive word is also blocked. Some also include a that allows only programs of some.
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A function that limits children's time watching TV or playing may also be built in, though some of these work on main electricity rather than the video signal. Digital television adapter. Lenovo A30 set-top box Hybrid set-top boxes, such as those used for programming, enable viewers to access multiple TV delivery methods (including terrestrial, cable, internet, and satellite); like IPTV boxes, they include, TV, Internet applications, surveillance, gaming, shopping, TV-centric, and e-government. By integrating varying delivery streams, hybrids (sometimes known as 'TV-centric' ) enable pay-TV operators more flexible application deployment, which decreases the cost of launching new services, increases speed to market, and limits disruption for consumers.
As examples, (HbbTV) set-top boxes allow traditional TV broadcasts, whether from (DTT), satellite, or cable providers, to be brought together with video delivered over the Internet and personal multimedia content. (ADB) launched its first hybrid DTT/IPTV set-top box in 2005, which provided with the digital TV platform for its service by the end of that year. In 2009, ADB provided Europe's first digital TV platform to Polish digital satellite operator, which enables subscribers to view integrated content whether delivered via satellite, terrestrial, or internet. UK based has over 8M STBs deployed in the UK for and an original push service for Top Up TV. IPTV receiver In networks, the set-top box is a small computer providing two-way communications on an and decoding the video. IP set-top boxes have a built-in interface that can be, Wireless (802.11 g,n,ac), or one of the existing wire home networking technologies such as or the standard, which provides a way to create a high-speed (up to 1Gbit/s) using existing home wiring (, phone lines, and ).
In the US and Europe, telephone companies use IPTV (often on or networks) as a means to compete with traditional local monopolies. This type of service is distinct from, which involves third-party content over the public Internet not controlled by the local system operator. Features Programming features Electronic program guide and interactive program guides provide users of television, radio, and other media applications with continuously updated menus displaying or scheduling information for current and upcoming programming. Some guides, such as, also feature backward scrolling to promote their catch-up content.
Favorites This feature allows the user to choose preferred channels, making them easier and quicker to access; this is handy with the wide range of digital channels on offer. The concept of favourite channels is superficially similar to that of the ' function offered in many Web browsers. Timer The allows the user to program and enable the box to switch between channels at certain times: this is handy to record from more than one channel while the user is out. The user still needs to program the VCR or DVD recorder. Convenience features Controls on the box Some models have controls on the box, as well as on the. This is useful should the user lose the remote or if the batteries age. Remote controls that work with other TVs Some can also control some basic functions of various brands of TVs.
This allows the user to use just one remote to turn the TV on and off, adjust volume, or switch between digital and analog TV channels or between and channels. Parental locks The or allow users over 18 years old to block access to channels that are not appropriate for children, using a. Some boxes simply block all channels, while others allow the user to restrict access to chosen channels not suitable for children below certain ages. Software alternatives As complexity and potential programming faults of the set-top box increase, software such as, and 's have developed features comparable to those of set-top boxes, ranging from basic DVR-like functionality to copying, and housewide music or video playback. Firmware update features.
Set-top box firmware being updated Almost all modern set-top boxes feature automatic processes. The firmware update is typically provided by the service provider. Ambiguities in the definition With the advent of, set-top boxes are now deeper in profile than the tops of most modern TV sets. Because of this, set-top boxes are often placed beneath televisions, and the term set-top box has become something of a, possibly helping the adoption of the term digibox. Additionally, newer set-top boxes that sit at the edge of IP-based distribution networks are often called net-top boxes or NTBs, to differentiate between IP and RF inputs. The Roku LT is around the size of a pack of cards and delivers Smart TV to conventional sets.
The distinction between external tuner or boxes (traditionally considered to be 'set-top boxes') and storage devices (such as VCR, DVD, or disc-based PVR units) is also blurred by the increasing deployment of satellite and cable tuner boxes with, or interfaces built-in. Devices with the capabilities of, such as the, also fall into the grey area that could invite the term 'NTB'. Europe In Europe, a set-top box does not necessarily contain a of its own. A box connected to a television (or VCR) connector is fed with the television signal from the set's tuner, and can have the television display the returned processed signal instead. DC757X Set top box This SCART feature had been used for connection to analogue decoding equipment by operators in Europe, and in the past was used for connection to teletext equipment before the decoders became built-in. The outgoing signal could be of the same nature as the incoming signal, or, or even an ' over the original signal, due to the 'fast switching' feature of SCART.
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In case of analogue pay-TV, this approach avoided the need for a second. The use of signals in more modern pay-TV schemes requires that decoding take place before the digital-to-analogue conversion step, rendering the video outputs of an analogue SCART connector no longer suitable for interconnection to decryption hardware. Standards such as and therefore use a -like card inserted as part of the digital signal path as their alternative to a tuner-equipped set-top box.
Energy use In June 2011 a report from the American National Resources Defense Council brought attention to the energy efficiency of set-top boxes, and the announced plans to consider the adoption of energy efficiency standards for set-top boxes. In November 2011, the National Cable & Telecommunications Association announced a new energy efficiency initiative that commits the largest American cable operators to the purchase of set-top boxes that meet Energy Star standards and the development of sleep modes that will use less energy when the set-top box is not being used to watch or record video. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to.
References. Lazarus, David (2018-10-30). Retrieved 2018-11-01. From the original on 2013-08-01. Archived from on 2010-04-05.
Retrieved 2010-06-02. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title. From the original on 6 June 2013.
Retrieved 28 April 2018. Archived from on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2013-06-15. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title. 12 September 2009.
From the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2018. 2009-02-21 at the., ITU-T Press Release. From the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2018. From the original on 2018-04-28. 080322 computer.org.
Which? Consumer's Guide; October 2012; page 41. (PDF).
Mag 256 Iptv Receiver
(PDF) from the original on 2012-02-25. Retrieved 2012-02-25. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title Natural Resources Defense Council. Archived from on 2012-01-29. Retrieved 2012-02-25. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title Environmental and Energy Study Institute. Archived from on 2012-05-12.
Iptv Receiver Hd
Retrieved 2012-04-20. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title.
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